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Why Does the U.S. Have the Best Research Universities? Incentives, Resources, and Virtuous Circles0.5in

  • Paper
  • Dec, 2020
  • #Education #Academy
www.nber.org
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Around 1875 the U.S. had none of the world’s leading research universities; today, it accounts for the majority of the top-ranked. Many observers cite events surrounding World War I... Show More

Around 1875 the U.S. had none of the world’s leading research universities; today, it accounts for the majority of the top-ranked. Many observers cite events surrounding World War II as the source of this reversal. We present evidence that U.S. research universities had surpassed most countries’ decades before WWII. An explanation of their dominance must therefore begin earlier. The one we offer highlights reforms that began after the Civil War and enhanced the incentives
and resources the system directs at research. Our story is not one of success by design, but rather of competition leading American colleges to begin to care about research. We draw on agency theory to argue that this led to increasing academic specialization, and in turn, to more precise measures of professors’ research output. Combined with sorting dynamics that concentrated
talent and resources at some schools—and the emergence of tenure—this enhanced research
performance.

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Ethan Mollick @emollick · May 1, 2023
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As some states move to eliminate tenure at their top universities, the implications go beyond just academia freedom & losing top faculty (both of which are very bad). This paper on the rise of US universities explains why tenure has been so important.
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