English computer scientist, essayist, entrepreneur, investor, and author. Known for his work on the programming language Lisp, co-founding Viaweb (later Yahoo! Store), and co-founding Y Combinator.

Computer scientist known for pioneering work on object-oriented programming and GUI design. Led the design and development of the first modern windowed computer desktop interface and co-developed the Smalltalk programming language. Received the Turing Award in 2003.

Matthew White Ridley, 5th Viscount Ridley, (born 7 February 1958) is a British journalist and businessman. He is best known for his writings on science, the environment, and economics. He has written several science books, including The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature (1994), Genome (1999), The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves (2010) and The Evolution of Everything: How Ideas Emerge (2015). He publishes a blog and has been a regular contributor to The Times newspaper. Ridley is a libertarian, and a staunch supporter of Brexit. He has been a Conservative hereditary peer since 2013, with a seat in the House of Lords.Ridley was chairman of the UK bank Northern Rock from 2004 to 2007, during which period it experienced the first run on a British bank in 130 years. He resigned, and the bank was bailed out by the UK government; this led to the nationalisation of Northern Rock.